A strong need for a better understanding of electrolyte systems was identified for the recovery of waste metals from catalysts or batteries:
The french CNRS has created a group of researchers that focus on hydrometallurgical processes, called Prométhée, of which the IFPEN thermodynamics department is a part of.
European Federation of Chemical Engineers:
The Thermodynamics and Transport Properties working party has strongly contributed in promoting and defining the scope of the JIP
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
nCBNBfQV7sBXmjHp