A strong need for a better understanding of electrolyte systems was identified for the recovery of waste metals from catalysts or batteries:
The french CNRS has created a group of researchers that focus on hydrometallurgical processes, called Prométhée, of which the IFPEN thermodynamics department is a part of.
European Federation of Chemical Engineers:
The Thermodynamics and Transport Properties working party has strongly contributed in promoting and defining the scope of the JIP
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
VJ3mTxLwexMHe9ZT