A strong need for a better understanding of electrolyte systems was identified for the recovery of waste metals from catalysts or batteries:
The french CNRS has created a group of researchers that focus on hydrometallurgical processes, called Prométhée, of which the IFPEN thermodynamics department is a part of.
European Federation of Chemical Engineers:
The Thermodynamics and Transport Properties working party has strongly contributed in promoting and defining the scope of the JIP
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
cJnxr5WHR8D8sT9C