A strong need for a better understanding of electrolyte systems was identified for the recovery of waste metals from catalysts or batteries:
The french CNRS has created a group of researchers that focus on hydrometallurgical processes, called Prométhée, of which the IFPEN thermodynamics department is a part of.
European Federation of Chemical Engineers:
The Thermodynamics and Transport Properties working party has strongly contributed in promoting and defining the scope of the JIP
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
x9MWdcB9bBky8Fgb