A strong need for a better understanding of electrolyte systems was identified for the recovery of waste metals from catalysts or batteries:
The french CNRS has created a group of researchers that focus on hydrometallurgical processes, called Prométhée, of which the IFPEN thermodynamics department is a part of.
European Federation of Chemical Engineers:
The Thermodynamics and Transport Properties working party has strongly contributed in promoting and defining the scope of the JIP
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
G0ZVx5MwYQdjrUF2