A strong need for a better understanding of electrolyte systems was identified for the recovery of waste metals from catalysts or batteries:
The french CNRS has created a group of researchers that focus on hydrometallurgical processes, called Prométhée, of which the IFPEN thermodynamics department is a part of.
European Federation of Chemical Engineers:
The Thermodynamics and Transport Properties working party has strongly contributed in promoting and defining the scope of the JIP
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
M6tG7Bjrq6bRL93p