A strong need for a better understanding of electrolyte systems was identified for the recovery of waste metals from catalysts or batteries:
The french CNRS has created a group of researchers that focus on hydrometallurgical processes, called Prométhée, of which the IFPEN thermodynamics department is a part of.
European Federation of Chemical Engineers:
The Thermodynamics and Transport Properties working party has strongly contributed in promoting and defining the scope of the JIP
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
zZ5ymaZSJwMvzcF2