A strong need for a better understanding of electrolyte systems was identified for the recovery of waste metals from catalysts or batteries:
The french CNRS has created a group of researchers that focus on hydrometallurgical processes, called Prométhée, of which the IFPEN thermodynamics department is a part of.
European Federation of Chemical Engineers:
The Thermodynamics and Transport Properties working party has strongly contributed in promoting and defining the scope of the JIP
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
y6w9nvqBjCXtkK15