A strong need for a better understanding of electrolyte systems was identified for the recovery of waste metals from catalysts or batteries:
The french CNRS has created a group of researchers that focus on hydrometallurgical processes, called Prométhée, of which the IFPEN thermodynamics department is a part of.
European Federation of Chemical Engineers:
The Thermodynamics and Transport Properties working party has strongly contributed in promoting and defining the scope of the JIP
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
8r6QMcpNTSJSU6Sx