A strong need for a better understanding of electrolyte systems was identified for the recovery of waste metals from catalysts or batteries:
The french CNRS has created a group of researchers that focus on hydrometallurgical processes, called Prométhée, of which the IFPEN thermodynamics department is a part of.
European Federation of Chemical Engineers:
The Thermodynamics and Transport Properties working party has strongly contributed in promoting and defining the scope of the JIP
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
3wwxWx1nR3AYCDEQ