A strong need for a better understanding of electrolyte systems was identified for the recovery of waste metals from catalysts or batteries:
The french CNRS has created a group of researchers that focus on hydrometallurgical processes, called Prométhée, of which the IFPEN thermodynamics department is a part of.
European Federation of Chemical Engineers:
The Thermodynamics and Transport Properties working party has strongly contributed in promoting and defining the scope of the JIP
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
gkNBMcePAXdupLaU