A strong need for a better understanding of electrolyte systems was identified for the recovery of waste metals from catalysts or batteries:
The french CNRS has created a group of researchers that focus on hydrometallurgical processes, called Prométhée, of which the IFPEN thermodynamics department is a part of.
European Federation of Chemical Engineers:
The Thermodynamics and Transport Properties working party has strongly contributed in promoting and defining the scope of the JIP
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
Y0c3NZZw2WVWLBtC