A strong need for a better understanding of electrolyte systems was identified for the recovery of waste metals from catalysts or batteries:
The french CNRS has created a group of researchers that focus on hydrometallurgical processes, called Prométhée, of which the IFPEN thermodynamics department is a part of.
European Federation of Chemical Engineers:
The Thermodynamics and Transport Properties working party has strongly contributed in promoting and defining the scope of the JIP
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
Nu6Kr5cZyuXk8Nbn