A strong need for a better understanding of electrolyte systems was identified for the recovery of waste metals from catalysts or batteries:
The french CNRS has created a group of researchers that focus on hydrometallurgical processes, called Prométhée, of which the IFPEN thermodynamics department is a part of.
European Federation of Chemical Engineers:
The Thermodynamics and Transport Properties working party has strongly contributed in promoting and defining the scope of the JIP
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
96dQLVkQ4hLm4SB0