A strong need for a better understanding of electrolyte systems was identified for the recovery of waste metals from catalysts or batteries:
The french CNRS has created a group of researchers that focus on hydrometallurgical processes, called Prométhée, of which the IFPEN thermodynamics department is a part of.
European Federation of Chemical Engineers:
The Thermodynamics and Transport Properties working party has strongly contributed in promoting and defining the scope of the JIP
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
03tQ3zpu3NTjGnz6