A strong need for a better understanding of electrolyte systems was identified for the recovery of waste metals from catalysts or batteries:
The french CNRS has created a group of researchers that focus on hydrometallurgical processes, called Prométhée, of which the IFPEN thermodynamics department is a part of.
European Federation of Chemical Engineers:
The Thermodynamics and Transport Properties working party has strongly contributed in promoting and defining the scope of the JIP
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
e1DZ5dEqL9VBt3TV