A strong need for a better understanding of electrolyte systems was identified for the recovery of waste metals from catalysts or batteries:
The french CNRS has created a group of researchers that focus on hydrometallurgical processes, called Prométhée, of which the IFPEN thermodynamics department is a part of.
European Federation of Chemical Engineers:
The Thermodynamics and Transport Properties working party has strongly contributed in promoting and defining the scope of the JIP
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
9Kw6Jefp4R6D0eCj