A strong need for a better understanding of electrolyte systems was identified for the recovery of waste metals from catalysts or batteries:
The french CNRS has created a group of researchers that focus on hydrometallurgical processes, called Prométhée, of which the IFPEN thermodynamics department is a part of.
European Federation of Chemical Engineers:
The Thermodynamics and Transport Properties working party has strongly contributed in promoting and defining the scope of the JIP
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
kpEsNHk31suGpqZw